Underengineered 'Murken Bomber
Wayne Johnson
austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net
Wed Jun 2 16:16:50 2004
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C448BD.166F2CA0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0019_01C448BD.166F2CA0"
------=_NextPart_001_0019_01C448BD.166F2CA0
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
I believe that the only "official" footage of the Flying Wing is in =
George Pal's "War of the Worlds." =20
These are two great summaries of these planes. I seem to recall a lot =
of B-47s in the James Stewart movie Strategic Air Command with, =
naturally, June Allyson. American home-fried propaganda at its =
Hollywood best.
wj
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Gerry Storm=20
To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2004 11:44 AM
Subject: Re: Underengineered 'Murken Bomber
Yes, the B-36's were a huge bucket of bolts. The noise and vibrations =
could drive a crew out of their minds. But they served their purpose for =
a short time until technology found a better solution.
Out little com center on an island off the coast of North Korea was =
often called upon to assist in "missions" wherein an RB-47 from Japan =
would fly over North Korea, across the sea to the Chinese coast and then =
inland for a time before turning and returning. Eventually the Chinese =
developed the technology to challenge these flights. We tracked them by =
intercepting Chinese radar reports (morse code), on a big map at our ops =
center, grease pens on a plastic overlay. This was in '56/'57. Sometimes =
they would turn around before reaching the coast. Sometimes they were =
shot down. Always at some point we were ordered to cease tracking. We =
would wonder what happened to those crews. I would guess that their =
chances of returning from one of these missions were no better than =
50/50. Recently found out that our detachment left the island a couple =
of years after I did, no correspondents on the internet that I could =
find. No more missions over China in those aircraft...replaced, no =
doubt, by U-2's.
Occasionally there would be a write-up in the Stars and Stripes about =
the fate of an RB-47 on a "routine weather recognizance" mission being =
shot down over "international waters" by the scum bag Chicoms. We knew =
better of course.
I used to see them on the ground at Tachikawa AFB in Japan, awesome =
machines, bristling with antennae and striking paint jobs, big drooping =
wings, like a great insect. You can find them by the hundreds now in the =
Arizona desert graveyards for old military aircraft around Tucson. Kind =
of a sad fate. I remember them as the ultimate tactical machine in the =
Cold War, flying so high you could barely see them, on their way to =
danger of the most extreme sort. But as a strategic aircraft they were =
not in the same league as the B-52's, nothing is. It is said that some =
of the old B-52 jockeys can fly those things through the eye of a =
needle, bank them like fighters and climb nearly straight up.=20
A/2C Gerald Storm, AFSC 18488399
6922nd Radio Group Mobile, Detachment 2
Paengryongdo, Korea
Currently on assignment with the Mimbreno Air Force in the deserts of =
NM,
G
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Byron Black=20
To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2004 8:43 AM
Subject: Underengineered 'Murken Bomber
My understanding is that it was Pentagon politics that doomed the =
YB-49, John Northrop's 'pure-wing' dream that was so far ahead of its =
time. The B-36 was a cobbled-together hodge-podge that my Dad (SAC =
Major) said was terrificaly unreliable, particularly in the =
piston-engine section (six piston radials, two little jet pods on the =
end of the non-swept-back wings, if you recall). I remember seeing them =
when we lived at Limestone/Loring AFB up at the tip of Maine, in 1952.
The B-52 has exceeded all expectations and continues to perform to =
this day, but I have read that it is for all its bulk a quite =
uncomfortable and user-unfriendly plane for the crew to fly in (in spite =
of the $400 toilet seats -- remember that brouhaha?). Few creature =
comforts for those 13-hour flights to nowhere, circling North America =
and watching for the Russkies.
Then don't forget the B-47 'Stratojet' (sounds like some bulbous =
beast from GM), which came between the B-36 and the B-52. Little =
itsy-bitsy landing gear assemblies at the end of the wingtips. Weird.
Quote:
B-47 research and development began in 1945 with the first prototype =
flight in December 1947. The Air Force wanted a high-altitude, =
medium-range, subsonic bomber. At that time, four contractors were =
developing bombers. Two designs were conventional bombers in the mold of =
the B-29, while the more radical designs were the Northrop flying wing =
and the Boeing swept wing jet. In this era before the SAM, fighter =
aircraft were considered the main threat to bombers. World War II had =
shown that stripped down B-29's with near-fighter speed and a higher =
altitude ceiling could only be successfully intercepted from the rear.=20
With the speed and maneuverability of the fighters of the late =
forties, Boeing's swept-wing XB-47 won the bomber competition and =
swiftly transformed the XB-46 and the XB-48 into aviation footnotes. Six =
Allison J35-2 turbojet engines slung in pods beneath the swept-back =
wings gave the prototype Stratojet nimble performance, and helped to =
validate a design concept still widely used today. Although uprated =
J47-GE-3s were soon substituted, the B-47 also carried mountings for 18 =
solid-fuel booster rockets in the aft fuselage to shorten the takeoff =
roll. Flight testing continued through 1951, and B-47's began entering =
the inventory in 1952. ICBMs and SLBMs did not yet exist, and the =
penetrating bomber was the only nuclear strike vehicle available. A =
total of 2,039 B-47's were funded and built in a serial production that =
lasted until 1956.=20
The B-47 was the first pure jet strategic bomber whose many unique =
features included six jet engines; a two-engine, pylon-mounted pod under =
each wing near the fuselage; and a single-engine pod further outboard. =
The wings were attached high on the fuselage and swept 35. The design =
incorporated a revolutionary bicycle-type, retractable main landing gear =
with single, two-wheel struts on the forward and aft fuselage. Outrigger =
wheels added lateral stability and retracted into the two-engine pod =
cowling. The B-47 was 107 feet long, 28 feet high at the tail, and had a =
wing span of 116 feet. The crew consisted of a pilot, copilot, and =
bombardier. With a maximum gross weight of about 204,000 pounds, it used =
rocket assist on takeoff. A tail chute was used to slow down the =
aircraft during landings.=20
Although heavier than the heaviest World War II bomber, the B-47 was =
designed to be a medium-range penetrator with approximately a 3,500-nm =
range. This was not a problem in the early 1950's since forward basing =
was available in the United Kingdom, Spain, Morocco, Guam, and Alaska. =
In addition, the B-47 was equipped with an air refueling capability and, =
on several occasions, 36-hour missions were flown. Thus, when it =
initially entered the inventory, its range was sufficient.=20
The aircraft's payload capacity was limited to 20,000 pounds =
internally. Since nuclear weapons were large in the early 1950's, the =
bomb bay was limited to one or two of high yield. But this lack of =
payload capacity was compensated for by the large numbers of B-47's that =
were purchased (at a cost of less than $2 million per airplane) which =
resulted in an acceptable overall weapon delivery capacity. The B-47 was =
also capable of carrying 13 500-pound or 8 1,000-pound conventional =
bombs.52 Although no B-47 squadron was ever equipped with any type of =
missile, the B-47 was used on several occasions as a test aircraft for =
missile launches. The biggest aid to the B-47 payload was nuclear weapon =
technology which developed smaller weapons.=20
Serial production made incorporating changes easier; the most =
numerous models were the B and E series. There were many production =
improvements made to include more powerful engines with water injection, =
the addition of tail guns, ejection seats, increased maximum gross =
weight, and bomb bay modifications for new weapons technology. Once =
deployed, modifications were numerous. The most significant was the =
structural revision to convert the B-47 from a high to a low altitude =
penetrator due to the development of Soviet SAMs in the mid 1950's. In =
May 1960, Gary Powers' U-2 was shot down by a Soviet SAM, vividly =
demonstrating Soviet high altitude defense capabilities.=20
Besides structural modifications, ECM and other avionics were =
updated. Some B-47's were modified into reconnaissance and other =
specialized aircraft. Since space was a limitation, most aircraft =
modified for reconnaissance and special missions were not capable of =
carrying bombs. However, the RB-47B could be converted back to a bomber. =
The B-47 had the capability to be modified but was restricted by space =
limitations.=20
By 1956, B-47 deployment reached its peak with over 1,300 assigned =
to SAC. In addition about 250 RB-47s were in SAC at that time. =
Subsequently, phase out of the B-47 took place in the 1960s. In 1960 =
there were still almost 1,100 B-47s. This dropped to about 400 in 1964 =
and in 1966 the last B-47 had been phased out though a few RB-47s were =
retained until 1967. The phase out of the B-47 medium bomber coincided =
with the rapid build up of ICBM and SLBM deployment by the US.=20
The B-47's were phased out in the early 1960's with the last ones =
leaving the inventory by the end of 1965. The B-47 had shown flexibility =
in adapting to a low level mission profile that was required by the =
introduction of SAMs. But modifications to a large fleet (especially =
structural modifications) cost vast sums of money. Moreover, forward =
basing of strategic nuclear forces was becoming unpopular with our =
allies, and there was not enough tanker support to make up the range =
difference for CONUS basing of all the B-47's. The B-58, planned as a =
replacement for the B-47, started entering the inventory in 1960. Also, =
the B-52, designed as an outgrowth of the B-47, was proving to be a very =
capable strategic bomber. Thus, the combination of mission profile =
changes, which limited B-47's usefulness and the emergence of a =
replacement medium-range bomber and a truly long-range strategic bomber, =
led to the retirement of the B-47's after 14 years of service.=20
In summary, the B-47 was a technological innovation in bomber =
aircraft design with swept wings, jet engines, the ability to be air =
refueled, and an operational envelope equal to the fighter aircraft of =
the early 1950's. The Stratojet was also one of the more beautiful =
airplanes to grace America's skies. However, it was a medium-range =
bomber that had limitations on space, payload, and range. When deployed, =
the B-47 was adequate to perform its designed mission. While it was able =
to adapt to changes in the threat at significant cost, it was not able =
to keep up with a heightened threat and greater range requirements, thus =
making other available aircraft that did the job better more viable.=20
Ah for those days of, er, hmm, maybe not so either, heh heh.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Gerry Storm=20
To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2004 8:06 PM
Subject: Re: Weird War Craft
When I was in pre-lang training at Kelly AFB our building was =
occasionally shaken by a great monster warming up on a runway about 1/2 =
mile away. It was the C-99, cargo version of the B-36. At the time it =
was the largest aircraft ever built and I believe still the largest =
motor driven aircraft ever. Only saw it take off once, usually they just =
ran it down the runway a ways. It was said that they could load an =
entire brigade (or whatever) on this monster, men, equipment and all, =
but finding an landing strip large enough to accomodate it was not easy, =
nor was the return trip flying it empty.
=
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Consolidated-Vultee%20C-99
Ah yes, the days of the piston engined aircraft, with the B-36 =
reigning supreme--until the B-52 (one of the great triumphs of American =
techology) came along and put it into mothballs. Those of us born and =
raised in Texas were priviledged to see them in our skies and hear their =
mighty roars and dream that one day we would fly or at least ride in =
one...alas, I spent most of my flying days in one not so grand, the =
C-119, better known as the "pregnant guppie".
G
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Byron Black=20
To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2004 6:34 AM
Subject: Weird War Craft
Well since we've strayed this far off the thread I'll just chime =
in a say how much I've always admired weirdo aeronautical designs. When =
my dear old Dad was station at Carswell AFB we lived in a housing =
development just across Lake Worth. I remember seeing the YB-49 taking =
off once - came right over our house.=20
Almost as thrilling as seeing the Muntz TV salesman bring one of =
his sets into our living room and then proceed to slap and kick the shit =
out of it while it played on merrily, Uncle Miltie smiling through the =
abuse.
Me and my brother George had never seen anything like that, not =
ever before. I don't think my Dad bought the Muntz though.
I always wanted a Dumont. It was in black and white, like the =
rest of the world, but had a bluish fluorescent collar around the =
picture tube which lit up while you watched Red Skelton being supremely =
unfunny (always broke up laughing at his own crap for one thing, unlike =
Spike Jones: the funnier he got the more disgusted he looked).
Far enough off the thread yet?
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
----- Original Message -----=20
From: "IgorLoving" <lovingigor@earthlink.net>
To: <austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net>
Sent: Wednesday, May 26, 2004 3:41 AM
Subject: RE: Thunderbolt!!
> Blackhawk flew A thunderbolt in the later comics, he started =
with the old aircobra which he garnered in Poland durinf the blitz =
kreig, then it was the P-38 and after WWII there were the jets. All =
could land on a postage stamp. The band was made up of Olaf the Swede, =
Chop Chop the Chinese, Andre the Frenchman and a German and a =
Yougoslav???? nal Message-----
> From: telebob <telebob@sbcglobal.net>
> Sent: May 23, 2004 3:07 PM
> To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net
> Subject: RE: Trivia Thunderbolt!!
>=20
> John Huston in "Chinatown" pronounces Jake Gittes name as Mr. =
Ghitts
> consistently, though Nicholson corrects him and Huston's =
character ignores
> the corrections.
>=20
> Did I get it right Mr. BBBBBB?
>=20
> teleBubby
> -----Original Message-----
> From: austin-ghetto-list-admin@pairlist.net
> [mailto:austin-ghetto-list-admin@pairlist.net]On Behalf Of =
Byron Black
> Sent: Sunday, May 23, 2004 4:35 PM
> To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net
> Subject: Trivia Thunderbolt!!
>=20
>=20
> TRIVIA ALARM! TRIVIA ALARM!
>=20
> Ghetts? What mean star pronounces another actor's name that =
way,
> mispronouncing it on purpose rather, over and over, even =
though the other
> fellow patiently tells him how to pronounce it? Great movie =
too!
>=20
> (Got to be somebody here who'll get it)
>=20
> BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Michael Eisenstadt
> To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net
> Sent: Sunday, May 23, 2004 10:45 PM
> Subject: ghetts?
>=20
>=20
> that is an ugly word because it sounds so ugly
> were one to say it. have you ever uttered it,
> Frances? Try it, you won't like it.
>=20
> Mike
>=20
>
------=_NextPart_001_0019_01C448BD.166F2CA0
Content-Type: text/html;
charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I believe that the only "official" =
footage of the=20
Flying Wing is in George Pal's "War of the Worlds." </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>These are two great summaries of these=20
planes. I seem to recall a lot of B-47s in the James Stewart movie =
Strategic Air Command with, naturally, June Allyson. American =
home-fried=20
propaganda at its Hollywood best.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>wj</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; =
BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A title=3Dmesmo@gilanet.com href=3D"mailto:mesmo@gilanet.com">Gerry =
Storm</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
title=3Daustin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
=
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net">austin-ghetto-list@pairli=
st.net</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 02, 2004 =
11:44=20
AM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: Underengineered =
'Murken=20
Bomber</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Yes, the B-36's were a huge bucket of bolts. The noise and =
vibrations=20
could drive a crew out of their minds. But they served their purpose =
for a=20
short time until technology found a better solution.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Out little com center on an island off the coast of North Korea =
was often=20
called upon to assist in "missions" wherein an RB-47 from Japan would =
fly over=20
North Korea, across the sea to the Chinese coast and then inland for a =
time=20
before turning and returning. Eventually the Chinese developed the =
technology=20
to challenge these flights. We tracked them by intercepting Chinese =
radar=20
reports (morse code), on a big map at our ops center, grease pens on a =
plastic=20
overlay. This was in '56/'57. Sometimes they would turn =
around before=20
reaching the coast. Sometimes they were shot down. Always at some =
point we=20
were ordered to cease tracking. We would wonder what happened to those =
crews.=20
I would guess that their chances of returning from one of these =
missions were=20
no better than 50/50. Recently found out that our detachment left the =
island a=20
couple of years after I did, no correspondents on the internet that I =
could=20
find. No more missions over China in those aircraft...replaced, no =
doubt, by=20
U-2's.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Occasionally there would be a write-up in the Stars=20
and Stripes about the fate of an RB-47 on a "routine weather =
recognizance" mission being shot down over "international waters" by =
the scum=20
bag Chicoms. We knew better of course.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I used to see them on the ground at Tachikawa AFB in Japan, =
awesome=20
machines, bristling with antennae and striking paint jobs, big =
drooping=20
wings, like a great insect. You can find them by the hundreds now in =
the=20
Arizona desert graveyards for old military aircraft around Tucson. =
Kind of a=20
sad fate. I remember them as the ultimate tactical machine in the Cold =
War,=20
flying so high you could barely see them, on their way to danger of =
the most=20
extreme sort. But as a strategic aircraft they were not in the same =
league as=20
the B-52's, nothing is. It is said that some of the old B-52 jockeys =
can fly=20
those things through the eye of a needle, bank them like fighters and =
climb=20
nearly straight up. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>A/2C Gerald Storm, AFSC 18488399</DIV>
<DIV>6922nd Radio Group Mobile, Detachment 2</DIV>
<DIV>Paengryongdo, Korea</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Currently on assignment with the Mimbreno Air Force in the =
deserts of=20
NM,</DIV>
<DIV>G</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; =
BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A title=3Dblacky@cbn.net.id href=3D"mailto:blacky@cbn.net.id">Byron =
Black</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
title=3Daustin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
=
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net">austin-ghetto-list@pairli=
st.net</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 02, =
2004 8:43=20
AM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Underengineered =
'Murken=20
Bomber</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>My understanding is that it was =
Pentagon=20
politics that doomed the YB-49, John Northrop's 'pure-wing' dream =
that was=20
so far ahead of its time. The B-36 was a cobbled-together =
hodge-podge that=20
my Dad (SAC Major) said was terrificaly unreliable, particularly in =
the=20
piston-engine section (six piston radials, two little jet pods on =
the end of=20
the non-swept-back wings, if you recall). I remember seeing them =
when we=20
lived at Limestone/Loring AFB up at the tip of Maine, in =
1952.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>The B-52 has exceeded all =
expectations and=20
continues to perform to this day, but I have read that it is for all =
its=20
bulk a quite uncomfortable and user-unfriendly plane for the crew to =
fly in=20
(in spite of the $400 toilet seats -- remember that brouhaha?). Few =
creature=20
comforts for those 13-hour flights to nowhere, circling North =
America and=20
watching for the Russkies.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><IMG alt=3D"" hspace=3D0=20
src=3D"cid:001701c448de$9d7e5ba0$341e6fcc@wayne8wvactdtz" =
align=3Dbaseline=20
border=3D0></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Then don't forget the B-47 =
'Stratojet' (sounds=20
like some bulbous beast from GM), which came between the B-36 and =
the B-52.=20
Little itsy-bitsy landing gear assemblies at the end of the =
wingtips.=20
Weird.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Quote:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<P>B-47 research and development began in 1945 with the first =
prototype=20
flight in December 1947. The Air Force wanted a high-altitude, =
medium-range,=20
subsonic bomber. At that time, four contractors were developing =
bombers. Two=20
designs were conventional bombers in the mold of the B-29, while the =
more=20
radical designs were the Northrop flying wing and the Boeing swept =
wing jet.=20
In this era before the SAM, fighter aircraft were considered the =
main threat=20
to bombers. World War II had shown that stripped down B-29's with=20
near-fighter speed and a higher altitude ceiling could only be =
successfully=20
intercepted from the rear.=20
<P>With the speed and maneuverability of the fighters of the late =
forties,=20
Boeing's swept-wing XB-47 won the bomber competition and swiftly =
transformed=20
the XB-46 and the XB-48 into aviation footnotes. Six Allison J35-2 =
turbojet=20
engines slung in pods beneath the swept-back wings gave the =
prototype=20
Stratojet nimble performance, and helped to validate a design =
concept still=20
widely used today. Although uprated J47-GE-3s were soon substituted, =
the=20
B-47 also carried mountings for 18 solid-fuel booster rockets in the =
aft=20
fuselage to shorten the takeoff roll. Flight testing continued =
through 1951,=20
and B-47's began entering the inventory in 1952. ICBMs and SLBMs did =
not yet=20
exist, and the penetrating bomber was the only nuclear strike =
vehicle=20
available. A total of 2,039 B-47's were funded and built in a serial =
production that lasted until 1956.=20
<P>The B-47 was the first pure jet strategic bomber whose many =
unique=20
features included six jet engines; a two-engine, pylon-mounted pod =
under=20
each wing near the fuselage; and a single-engine pod further =
outboard. The=20
wings were attached high on the fuselage and swept 35. The design=20
incorporated a revolutionary bicycle-type, retractable main landing =
gear=20
with single, two-wheel struts on the forward and aft fuselage. =
Outrigger=20
wheels added lateral stability and retracted into the two-engine pod =
cowling. The B-47 was 107 feet long, 28 feet high at the tail, and =
had a=20
wing span of 116 feet. The crew consisted of a pilot, copilot, and=20
bombardier. With a maximum gross weight of about 204,000 pounds, it =
used=20
rocket assist on takeoff. A tail chute was used to slow down the =
aircraft=20
during landings.=20
<P>Although heavier than the heaviest World War II bomber, the B-47 =
was=20
designed to be a medium-range penetrator with approximately a =
3,500-nm=20
range. This was not a problem in the early 1950's since forward =
basing was=20
available in the United Kingdom, Spain, Morocco, Guam, and Alaska. =
In=20
addition, the B-47 was equipped with an air refueling capability =
and, on=20
several occasions, 36-hour missions were flown. Thus, when it =
initially=20
entered the inventory, its range was sufficient.=20
<P>The aircraft's payload capacity was limited to 20,000 pounds =
internally.=20
Since nuclear weapons were large in the early 1950's, the bomb bay =
was=20
limited to one or two of high yield. But this lack of payload =
capacity was=20
compensated for by the large numbers of B-47's that were purchased =
(at a=20
cost of less than $2 million per airplane) which resulted in an =
acceptable=20
overall weapon delivery capacity. The B-47 was also capable of =
carrying 13=20
500-pound or 8 1,000-pound conventional bombs.52 Although no B-47 =
squadron=20
was ever equipped with any type of missile, the B-47 was used on =
several=20
occasions as a test aircraft for missile launches. The biggest aid =
to the=20
B-47 payload was nuclear weapon technology which developed smaller =
weapons.=20
<P>Serial production made incorporating changes easier; the most =
numerous=20
models were the B and E series. There were many production =
improvements made=20
to include more powerful engines with water injection, the addition =
of tail=20
guns, ejection seats, increased maximum gross weight, and bomb bay=20
modifications for new weapons technology. Once deployed, =
modifications were=20
numerous. The most significant was the structural revision to =
convert the=20
B-47 from a high to a low altitude penetrator due to the development =
of=20
Soviet SAMs in the mid 1950's. In May 1960, Gary Powers' U-2 was =
shot down=20
by a Soviet SAM, vividly demonstrating Soviet high altitude defense=20
capabilities.=20
<P>Besides structural modifications, ECM and other avionics were =
updated.=20
Some B-47's were modified into reconnaissance and other specialized=20
aircraft. Since space was a limitation, most aircraft modified for=20
reconnaissance and special missions were not capable of carrying =
bombs.=20
However, the RB-47B could be converted back to a bomber. The B-47 =
had the=20
capability to be modified but was restricted by space limitations.=20
<P>By 1956, B-47 deployment reached its peak with over 1,300 =
assigned to=20
SAC. In addition about 250 RB-47s were in SAC at that time. =
Subsequently,=20
phase out of the B-47 took place in the 1960s. In 1960 there were =
still=20
almost 1,100 B-47s. This dropped to about 400 in 1964 and in 1966 =
the last=20
B-47 had been phased out though a few RB-47s were retained until =
1967. The=20
phase out of the B-47 medium bomber coincided with the rapid build =
up of=20
ICBM and SLBM deployment by the US.=20
<P>The B-47's were phased out in the early 1960's with the last ones =
leaving=20
the inventory by the end of 1965. The B-47 had shown flexibility in =
adapting=20
to a low level mission profile that was required by the introduction =
of=20
SAMs. But modifications to a large fleet (especially structural=20
modifications) cost vast sums of money. Moreover, forward basing of=20
strategic nuclear forces was becoming unpopular with our allies, and =
there=20
was not enough tanker support to make up the range difference for =
CONUS=20
basing of all the B-47's. The B-58, planned as a replacement for the =
B-47,=20
started entering the inventory in 1960. Also, the B-52, designed as =
an=20
outgrowth of the B-47, was proving to be a very capable strategic =
bomber.=20
Thus, the combination of mission profile changes, which limited =
B-47's=20
usefulness and the emergence of a replacement medium-range bomber =
and a=20
truly long-range strategic bomber, led to the retirement of the =
B-47's after=20
14 years of service.=20
<P>In summary, the B-47 was a technological innovation in bomber =
aircraft=20
design with swept wings, jet engines, the ability to be air =
refueled, and an=20
operational envelope equal to the fighter aircraft of the early =
1950's. The=20
Stratojet was also one of the more beautiful airplanes to grace =
America's=20
skies. However, it was a medium-range bomber that had limitations on =
space,=20
payload, and range. When deployed, the B-47 was adequate to perform =
its=20
designed mission. While it was able to adapt to changes in the =
threat at=20
significant cost, it was not able to keep up with a heightened =
threat and=20
greater range requirements, thus making other available aircraft =
that did=20
the job better more viable. </P></DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>
<DIV><BR>Ah for those days of, er, hmm, maybe not so either, heh =
heh.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; =
BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- =
</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A title=3Dmesmo@gilanet.com =
href=3D"mailto:mesmo@gilanet.com">Gerry Storm</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
title=3Daustin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
=
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net">austin-ghetto-list@pairli=
st.net</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 02, =
2004 8:06=20
PM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: Weird War =
Craft</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>When I was in pre-lang training at Kelly AFB our building was =
occasionally shaken by a great monster warming up on a runway =
about 1/2=20
mile away. It was the C-99, cargo version of the B-36. At the time =
it was=20
the largest aircraft ever built and I believe still the largest =
motor=20
driven aircraft ever. Only saw it take off once, usually they just =
ran it=20
down the runway a ways. It was said that they could load an entire =
brigade=20
(or whatever) on this monster, men, equipment and all, but finding =
an=20
landing strip large enough to accomodate it was not easy, nor was =
the=20
return trip flying it empty.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><A=20
=
href=3D"http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Consolidated-Vultee%20C=
-99">http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Consolidated-Vultee%20C-99=
</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Ah yes, the days of the piston engined aircraft, with the =
B-36=20
reigning supreme--until the B-52 (one of the great triumphs of =
American=20
techology) came along and put it into mothballs. Those of us born =
and=20
raised in Texas were priviledged to see them in our skies and hear =
their=20
mighty roars and dream that one day we would fly or at least ride =
in=20
one...alas, I spent most of my flying days in one not so grand, =
the C-119,=20
better known as the "pregnant guppie".</DIV>
<DIV>G</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; =
BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- =
</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A title=3Dblacky@cbn.net.id =
href=3D"mailto:blacky@cbn.net.id">Byron=20
Black</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
title=3Daustin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
=
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net">austin-ghetto-list@pairli=
st.net</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 02, =
2004 6:34=20
AM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Weird War =
Craft</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Well since we've strayed this =
far off the=20
thread I'll just chime in a say how much I've always admired =
weirdo=20
aeronautical designs. When my dear old Dad was station at =
Carswell AFB=20
we lived in a housing development just across Lake Worth. I =
remember=20
seeing the YB-49 taking off once - came right over our house.=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Almost as thrilling as seeing =
the Muntz TV=20
salesman bring one of his sets into our living room and then =
proceed to=20
slap and kick the shit out of it while it played on merrily, =
Uncle=20
Miltie smiling through the abuse.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Me and my brother George had =
never seen=20
anything like that, not ever before. I don't think my Dad bought =
the=20
Muntz though.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I always wanted a Dumont. It =
was in black=20
and white, like the rest of the world, but had a bluish =
fluorescent=20
collar around the picture tube which lit up while you watched =
Red=20
Skelton being supremely unfunny (always broke up laughing at his =
own=20
crap for one thing, unlike Spike Jones: the funnier he got the =
more=20
disgusted he looked).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Far enough off the thread =
yet?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>----- Original Message ----- =
</FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>From: "IgorLoving" =
<</FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:lovingigor@earthlink.net"><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>lovingigor@earthlink.net</FONT></A><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>To: <</FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net"><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net</FONT></A><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Sent: Wednesday, May 26, 2004 =
3:41=20
AM</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Subject: RE:=20
Thunderbolt!!</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><BR><FONT =
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></DIV><FONT=20
face=3DArial size=3D2>> Blackhawk flew A thunderbolt in the =
later comics,=20
he started with the old aircobra which he garnered in Poland =
durinf the=20
blitz kreig, then it was the P-38 and after WWII there were the =
jets.=20
All could land on a postage stamp. The band was made up of Olaf =
the=20
Swede, Chop Chop the Chinese, Andre the Frenchman and a German =
and a=20
Yougoslav???? nal Message-----<BR>> From: telebob =
<</FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:telebob@sbcglobal.net"><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>telebob@sbcglobal.net</FONT></A><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>><BR>> Sent: May 23, 2004 3:07 PM<BR>> To: =
</FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net"><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net</FONT></A><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>> Subject: RE: Trivia Thunderbolt!!<BR>> <BR>> =
John=20
Huston in "Chinatown" pronounces Jake Gittes name as Mr.=20
Ghitts<BR>> consistently, though Nicholson corrects him and =
Huston's=20
character ignores<BR>> the corrections.<BR>> <BR>> Did =
I get it=20
right Mr. BBBBBB?<BR>> <BR>> teleBubby<BR>> =20
-----Original Message-----<BR>> From: </FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list-admin@pairlist.net"><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
=
size=3D2>austin-ghetto-list-admin@pairlist.net</FONT></A><BR><FONT=20
face=3DArial size=3D2>> =
[mailto:austin-ghetto-list-admin@pairlist.net]On=20
Behalf Of Byron Black<BR>> Sent: Sunday, May 23, 2004 =
4:35=20
PM<BR>> To: </FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net"><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net</FONT></A><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>> Subject: Trivia Thunderbolt!!<BR>> =
<BR>>=20
<BR>> TRIVIA ALARM! TRIVIA ALARM!<BR>> <BR>> =
=20
Ghetts? What mean star pronounces another actor's name that =
way,<BR>>=20
mispronouncing it on purpose rather, over and over, even though =
the=20
other<BR>> fellow patiently tells him how to pronounce it? =
Great=20
movie too!<BR>> <BR>> (Got to be somebody here =
who'll get=20
it)<BR>> <BR>> BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB<BR>>=20
----- Original Message -----<BR>>=20
From: Michael Eisenstadt<BR>> =
=20
To: </FONT><A =
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net"><FONT=20
face=3DArial =
size=3D2>austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net</FONT></A><BR><FONT=20
face=3DArial size=3D2>> Sent: Sunday, May =
23, 2004=20
10:45 PM<BR>> Subject: ghetts?<BR>> =
<BR>>=20
<BR>> that is an ugly word because it =
sounds so=20
ugly<BR>> were one to say it. have you =
ever=20
uttered it,<BR>> Frances? Try it, you =
won't like=20
it.<BR>> <BR>> Mike<BR>> <BR>>=20
=
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>=
------=_NextPart_001_0019_01C448BD.166F2CA0--
------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C448BD.166F2CA0
Content-Type: image/jpeg;
name="B-47 Stratojet.jpg"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-ID: <001701c448de$9d7e5ba0$341e6fcc@wayne8wvactdtz>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------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C448BD.166F2CA0--